Outline for Gmo

Hereditarily â€modified food of influence Specific Purpose: To convince our crowd that hereditarily adjusted nourishments are undependable for utilization. Focal Idea: Genetically adjusted nourishments may bring another allergen that we may not be set up to treat. We put progressively manufactured poisons into our bodies. I. Presentation A. (Enticement) Soon, children may really have a valid justification not to eat vegetables. Hereditarily altered nourishments, vegetables and organic products, â€Å"Frankedfoods†, are advancing from science labs to the supper table.B. (Theory Statement) The prepared food that has the whole compound included it so as to cause the food to last longer to has the impact of hurting the individuals because of the way that everybody has their own response to specific synthetic concoctions. C. (Avocation) Currently hereditarily adjusted (GM) crops are developed in excess of 25 nations. Enormous transitional organizations are doing perilous worldwi de investigation by presenting huge quantities of hereditarily altered nourishments into our eating routine. D. Speaker Credibility) I work at the inexpensive food industry for around six years and I realize cheap food is awful yet I didn’t realize how terrible it truly is. In the wake of investigating and perusing articles about built food I have adapt a lot more what the food contains and it is stunning. E. (See of Main focuses) 1. First I will talk about the medical issues of GM nourishments. 2. Next, how it is essential to mark the food, and how the administration ought to be included. 3. In conclusion, how we can stop hereditarily changed nourishments.

Economic Networkingâ€Exploring Alternatives for Promoting Sustainable De

Financial Networkingâ€Exploring Alternatives for Promoting Sustainable Development in Africa Presentation The historical backdrop of European guide mediation in the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) states has customarily acted to strengthen the progressive qualification between the â€Å"developed† and the â€Å"developing† world. The arrangement of Lome Conventions which allowed particular exchange understandings between these gatherings of nations have demonstrated insufficient in empowering financial manageability in the ACP states, and in spite of the fact that the ACP incorporates the vast majority of the Least Developed Countries (LLDCs) on the planet, the understandings have been scrutinized as being out of line in the worldwide setting. Compelled to arrange another ACP-EU understanding that would be steady with World Trade Organization (WTO) guidelines, and enhance the constraints of the past Lome Conventions, the Cotonou Convention was marked in 2000, after burdensome exchanges. In spite of this understanding, the eventual fate of ACP-EU relations is to some de gree ambiguous. Especially concerning Africa, this vulnerability leaves space for assessment of the viability of the past understandings and a target investigation of the thought processes behind past financial ties. Besides, by breaking down the tricky history of European guide to Africa, there rises a reason for moving endlessly from the neo-colonialist connections that described the majority of the past understandings, and investigating the advantages of making elective organizations. At last, the chance of framing organizations among individual ACP nations and between other creating nations is a disregarded thought that ought to be additionally investigated. A Historical Perspective African financial advancement is a subject of wide intrigue. Among the ... ...2 October 2003 <http://exchange info.cec.eu.int/doclib/html/113858.htm> Kwarteng, Charles O. Africa and the European Challenge. Vermont: Ashgate Publishing Company. 1997. The New Partnership for Africa’s Development. October 2001. <http://www.touchtech.biz/nepad/records/reports/nepad_english_version.pdf> Abroad Development Institute. Reshaping European associations: what future for the ACP? Meeting September 2003. http://www.odi.org.uk/addresses/edc_2010/meeting_report_17september.html The World Bank Group. World Development Indicators Database: Country Profile Table. 11 March 2004 <http://www.worldbank.org/data>. The World Bank Group. 2003 World Development Indicators. 11 March 2004. <http://www.worldbank.org/information/wdi2003/index.htm>. Monetary Community of West African States. About ECOWAS. 11 March 2004. <http://www.sec.ecowas.int/>.

Infertility essays

Barrenness papers Barrenness is the point at which you can't consider following 1 year of unprotected intercourse, or you can't remain pregnant. Somewhere in the range of 15 and 25 percent of all couples in the United States are fruitless. Just a specialist can make a determination, yet on the off chance that you've had unprotected sex for over a year are as yet not pregnant, theres a decent possibility either of you may have barrenness issue. Numerous fruitless couples proceed to have youngsters, however they may require additional time or clinical assistance to imagine. It is no ones shortcoming for fruitlessness. There are numerous conditions that may make a ladies become fruitless; endometriosis, ovulation issues, pelvic fiery sickness, fibroids, tube blockages, explicitly transmitted illness (chlamydia or gonorrhea), agonizing or sporadic periods, pelvic or stomach medical procedure, diabetes, malignant growth, thyroid malady, asthma or discouragement. There are likewise condition that may make a man become barren; explicitly transmitted ailment (chlamydia or gonorrhea), contamination with the mumps infection after pubescence, hernia fix, diabetes, malignancy, asthma, thyroid illness or sadness, undescended gonads and testicular tumors, sores or disease. Most fruitlessness cases (85 to 90 percent) are treated with ordinary treatments, for example, tranquilize treatment or careful fix of conceptive organs. There are numerous useful things an individual may do to attempt to get pregnant. Barrenness is typically treated with clomiphene citrate (a medication that actuates ovulation), human chorionic gonadotropin (a hormone that invigorates the ovaries and triggers ovulation), or potentially intrauterine insemination (isolating the sperm from the fundamental liquid and setting it in a modest quantity of liquid at that point putting straightforwardly inside the uterus). Under 5% of all barrenness cases are treated with in vitro preparation (IVF). IVF is a strategy to help with generation where a man's sperm and the lady's egg are consolidated in a research facility dish, where fe... <!

Violence and Gender in Duffys Queen Herod - Literature Essay Samples

Queen Herod is taken from Duffy’s The World’s Wife, a collection which inverts gender roles to celebrate female characters and display the injustice of men’s generalizations. This poem inverts the gender roles in the biblical story of the arrival of the Magi for Jesus’s birth and the Massacre of the Innocents ordered by King Herod. Through this transposition, Duffy presents the men’s atrocities originally, but then indicates that women can also act forcefully and compellingly to fight for strong beliefs. Duffy displays women as cunning and deceptive as they hold a quiet agenda against men, and uses the generalization against men to demonstrate the injustice of the original stories. In the poem, the â€Å"Three Queens† arrive to see Queen Herod’s daughter and give her qualities rather than material gifts—â€Å"Grace†¦Strength†¦Happiness.† These capitalized abstract nouns are juxtaposed with the seemingly useless and disregarded material (â€Å"Silver and gold, the loose change†) given to Jesus, referring to the gold, frankincense, and myrrh given in the Bible story. Duffy thus suggests that while men only desire limited material gifts, women desire useful, perennial qualities. Moreover, in Queen Herod the asyndeton of â€Å"with gifts†¦in exchange for sunken baths, curtained beds, fruit, the best of meat and wine, dancers, music, talk,† leaving â€Å"till bitter dawn† mimetically at the end, connotes the extent of pleasur e just for the Queen as the men were â€Å"fast asleep† and the great length of time she enjoyed her activities without being disturbed by the men. While â€Å"bitter dawn† could suggest how early into the morning she stays awake, it more likely suggests that she enjoys the time spent without men; when Herod and his men wake up, suddenly the day becomes â€Å"bitter† and the Queen must become violent and terse to deal with them. This change further emphasized by the arching of the stanza, mimetic of the night, as the night peaks with the longer â€Å"in exchange for sunken baths, curtained beds,† without Herod, and returns to the tiresome day with the more blunt â€Å"those vivid three -/til bitter dawn† when Herod awakens. The cunning evil of women is contrasted with the senseless brutality of men to highlight an image of faà §ades. The italicized list of antithetical nouns as direct speech from the Three Queens —â€Å"The Husband. Hero. Hunk. The Boy Next Door. The Paramour†Ã¢â‚¬â€ suggests that Queen Herod does not know the baby’s future and accepts that he could be beneficial; however, to be entirely sure her daughter will not be harmed, she orders the death of â€Å"each mother’s son.† This command denotes the barbarism women can inflict for protection to reinforce that violence is not owned by men. Moreover, the juxtaposition of the harsh diction and sibilance of the men’s actions in â€Å"hawked, spat, snatched the smoky jug† with the majesty of the women in â€Å"I watched each†¦Queen rise like a god,† emphasizes the contrast of the disgusting men, compared to divinity through the simile, as the women become the dominant force over t he pathetic actions of the men. This theme is reinforced in Medusa by the repetition of first person pronouns —â€Å"my†¦I†Ã¢â‚¬â€ with the recurrent use of synonymous verbs such as â€Å"hissed and spat† to imply that the women can be possessive and commanding. Furthermore, Duffy ensures that the female characters are more intelligent than the men. The tautology of â€Å"They knew what they knew† emphasizes instinctual knowledge, as if this repetition is specific to the Queens, and hence implies that they hold a more reliable, absolutist intelligence. Also, the strong diction of â€Å"A peacock screamed,† in which a symbol of majesty is in pain, followed by the metaphor â€Å"The chattering stars shivered in a nervous sky,† suggests that the Three Queens can read the signs of nature, as omens for the massacre to come. This interpretation is supported by the simile â€Å"a new star pierced through the night like a nail,† referring to the prophecy of Jesus’ death by being nailed to a cross. These elements of the text reinforce the celebration of the female characters as possessing a knowledge beyond that of the male characters, as Queen Herod then uses her information to commit widespread terror by infantici de. Duffy also presents the women in the poem as celebrating a strong female community, one posed against subservient men. The repetition of the imperatives â€Å"Do it. Spare not one† emphasizes the terse and total power of the Queen as she commands the entirely obedient men. This contrasts with the situation in Salome, however: while in the latter poem it is made clear that the woman actively killed the man —â€Å"I’d done it before†Ã¢â‚¬â€ to challenge the notion that such physical and violent actions are ‘masculine,’ in Queen Herod, Duffy highlights her feminist agenda by making the female character stand above the misogynist stereotypes and simply order the men to do what she demands. This supremacy is further illustrated in the repetition of first person pronouns —â€Å"my little child†¦my baby†Ã¢â‚¬â€ as it could suggest Queen Herod appears to own the child herself and doesnt value the relationship with Herod and the da ughter. Alternatively, it could imply that Herod actively does not care about his daughter and hence facilitates emotional disgust with the male character. This female-oriented theme is equally implied when it is the woman who orders the death of the sons. It seems that Queen Herod actively cares for the future of her daughter as â€Å"Herod’s fusty bulk† exists in passive contrast, emphasized by the horrific diction of â€Å"We wade through blood for our sleeping girls,† reinforcing the extent of what they are willing to go through to protect their family; the anaphora in â€Å"we Queens, we mothers† emphasizes a community of women in which men do not govern happiness. However, Duffy does present Queen Herod as feeling guilty for her violent orders. The poem is a dramatic monologue written in free verse, which could imply that it is a flurry of the Queen’s conscience as she realizes that she had no reason for the infanticide and begins to confess. Here, â€Å"the chattering stars/shivered in a nervous sky† could be a metaphor to highlight the guilt and timidity of the Queen as she now cowers in the night. The pinched, staccato lines â€Å"Ice in the trees,† â€Å"my little child† and â€Å"The black Queen† nonetheless highlight a dark identity for the Queen as she commits these atrocious acts, and one feels pathos for the patriarch Herod as he appears to be able to do nothing to stop her. Duffy could suggest that in fact violence shouldn’t be owned by anyone, and the stereotype that women are gentle is not negative at all. Duffy challenges the misogynist stereotypes taught in children’s stories and, by inverting the gender roles, suggests that when we reevaluate the events, we realize that we must still strive for an equal society. This inversion allows not simply for women to acknowledge that change must occur. When men who become defensive at the men’s subservience question Duffy’s poetry, they realize that the original texts unjustly make women subservient. As innocent and accepted the stories are on the surface, â€Å"beyond our lullabies, the hooves of terrible horses thunder and drum.†

Good Things Don t Last Forever - 915 Words

Good Things Don’t Last Forever Within the duration of life, there can be times where things seem almost perfect. In Sula, written by Toni Morrison, some good relationships appear to be perfect. Even in relationships that have perfect moments, there will at times be problems. Sometimes, even good relationships fail. Good relationships do not last because people cheat, people leave, and people die. Relationships end because people cheat. In Sula, Jude and Nel was a married couple who had a family. They were happy. Even Nel describes her love for Jude as â€Å"a bright and easy affection,† and â€Å"a playfulness that was reflected in their lovemaking.† (Morrison, 95) Then, Nel caught her best friend (Sula) and her husband (Jude) kissing and naked in their marital bedroom. â€Å"They had been on all fours naked, not touching except their lips†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Morrison, 105) Apparently Sula and Jude did not have sex; they only kissed. Jude left the marriage after Nel caught him with Sula. The relationship ended because Jude made the choice to not face his wife after being caught being unfaithful. Infidelity is â€Å"an act of sexual unfaithfulness.† (Gough, 9) Marriages require loyalty, trust, and love. Infidelity is a common factor in the destruction of relationships. Many see infidelity as â€Å"the single most damaging thing that can happen to a relationship.† (About. Web. 27 Nov. 2014.) Cheating will tear a relationship apart, whether it is a marriage or a simple boyfriend and girlfriendShow MoreRelatedCourt Of Law - Original Writing891 Words   |  4 Pageslives with you. Ain t no purpose in me signing these. I said trying to convince her. I still want to be able to see my baby girl when I get out. Eric, I don t have time for this. Either you sign her over now, or I take you to court and win. You re clearly an incapable father. Cedes don t do this. Why all of a sudden you want full custody when you basically got it? She cleared her throat and began fixing her clothing. You got another nigga round my daughter don t you? Mercedes you knowRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Crucible By Dawson Cole And Amanda Collier1425 Words   |  6 Pageswhere their lives changed forever. Amanda got into her dream college and her parents would disown her because she is dating Dawson. This wouldn t be so bad, but Dawson is a Cole, the â€Å"bad† family in town, they always causes trouble, but Dawson never did. Amanda is a Collier, which is one of the more upper class families in town, and like all small towns new travels fast and this new could ruin the reputation of the two families, mostly Amanda’s, no one wants to ruin the last name. Dawson wants theRead MoreThe Right Kind Of Write851 Words   |  4 Pagesprefer to write is in the afternoon at home or in the library. I don t want to be in a place that is too loud because then I get distracted and become lazy; consequently, I listen to music when I do homework. I procrastinate a lot and in the last minute and try to get my homework done, but now it s different because I get things done ahead of time so I don t have to worry about it another day. I always forget to write down the things I need to do and because of that I forget about my assignment.Read MoreRomantic Relationships Are Key To Our Long-Term Health759 Words   |  4 Pages areas such as warmth and attractiveness, a human can view their partner a little bit more positively than they views themselves or than most other people view them. There are many ways to make a relationship last. Love, trust, and communication are three most important attributes. Love lasts as long as two people make it happen. First, no matter what type of relationship one has, love is definitely an essential. Many teenagers today have already experienced the hardship of being in a relationshipRead MoreMy Big Brother Was Shot And Murdered By An Unknown Suspect893 Words   |  4 Pagesbrother all went to the hospital to identify my brothers body. The only reason that I didn t go with them was because my nephew was upstairs asleep. Once they left I started to make a couple phone calls to see if it was really true. After calling two people I finally found out that it was him that got shot. One of my closest friends was actually with him at the time and he also watched him as he took his last breathe. Before my brother death occurred he was incarcerated for about a year. Once he wasRead MoreSummary Of The Book The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1171 Words   |  5 Pagesniece that he was an expert at being a high school student. â€Å"Great job at surviving high school, † the giant man said to Rennessme.† She continued to separate the things she wanted to keep while tossing the unnecessary stuff. â€Å"Thanks. But I had help. † Rennessme answered. â€Å"If you mean your dad, then you wasted four years. He doesn t know how to have fun.† Rennessme smiled. She kept going through her looking, now desperate to find the secret notebook she had treasured for four years. â€Å"Aha! † sheRead MoreWalk A Thon : Family Violence843 Words   |  4 Pagesmentally and physically in a negative manner that causes them to lack interaction in the community. Unfortunately for some individuals, home isn t safe for them. In society s eyes, home is the place where you usually feel the safest and come to love, but for others, it brings them pain because violence is happening in the household. People shouldn t be afraid to go home to their families. If we ignore the signs of violence in the family, it will eventually keep growing, and the abuser will continueRead MoreWhy Shopping Is The Best Deal For Us?1003 Words   |  5 Pages You re standing in front of the mirror in a dressing room. You turn sideways and backwards. Nope, doesn t look good on me, you say to your self. You try on the next outfit and the same story happens. It h as happened for the last forty-seven clothes you have tried on, and you just can t find the perfect outfit. But, don t fret. There are a hundred more stores you can go to, and a million more clothes you can try on. This is what we call shopping. Shopping is enjoyed abundantly by most men andRead MoreSymbolism in the Secret Lion724 Words   |  3 Pagesrepresents things that are big and the secret of it is that it is unexplained, or even ignored. It suggests change, and it is a change that is big and confusing. The secret lion is a symbol of coming of age and understanding that with change there is loss, and to hold onto something, it must be secret. The narrator explains that when he was twelve, something happened that we didnt have a name for, but it was there nonetheless like a lion, and roaring, roaring that way the biggest things do.(43)Read MoreThe End Of - Original Writing742 Words   |  3 Pagesstage-gay thing. He got off of me and we continued to the next song. In the whole event he had thrown my guitar behind me. (This actually happened.) I remember that like it was yesterday. I also remember what It was like, crying while Gerard was getting married. I remember the breakup as well. That band meant the world to me and it was gone. Gone forever. I remember him saying that the whole frerard thing was over. Guys, I can t keep going on with this whole My chemical romance thing...

Essay about Censorship - 943 Words

Censorship The freedom to read is essential to the democratic way of life. But today, that freedom is under attack. Private groups and public authorities everywhere are working to remove both books and periodicals from sale, to exclude certain books from public schools, to censor and silence magazines and newspapers, and to limit quot;controversialquot; books and periodicals to the general public. The suppression of reading materials is suppression of creative thought. Books and periodicals are not the only ones being suppressed by pressures to the political and social systems. They are also being brought against the educational system, films, radio, television, and against the graphic and theatre arts. However or whenever these†¦show more content†¦There has been an increasing trend towards childrens literature that reflects a more realistic approach to the life both fiction and non-fiction, with subjects that include sex, homosexuality, divorce, child abuse, drugs, violence, etc. And they are these realistic books that have people outraged. In school libraries, the most frequent complaints come from parents about the schools selections. And in public libraries, parents were once again the single greatest source of challenges to materials. The world is filled with quot;obscenequot; things. And it would seem that those parents are just trying to protect their children from the outside world. But does it really help? These day, an average elementary school student knows many things. They are influenced by a wide range of sources, from television and other forms of media, their environment at home and school, their personality and their background. Why they read does not necessarily mean that they will follow. Literature is a valued source of knowledge for these children, and should not be held back. So rather than applying full censorship, it should be made an age- related censorship. Many of the complaints that were issued were of the immaturity of the readers. And younger children should be prevented from borrowing material intended for an older age group. Controversial materials should still be held either in reserve stock, available on request, or under a section for parents andShow MoreRelatedCensorship : Censorship And Censorship Essay1513 Words   |  7 PagesIn the modern sense, political correctness has become a form of censorship. With protestors forcing students to find alternate routes to school or pushing the administration to cancel guest speakers in fear of triggering students, the modern-day university is no longer a place of free, critical, thinking, but a place of censorship. Political correctness (is used to describe language, policies, or measures that are intended pr imarily not to offend or disadvantage any group of people in society. InRead MoreCensorship And Censorship Of Music1544 Words   |  7 Pagestoday’s music, otherwise known as, censorships. A crisis has emerged concerning the issue of censorship. This argument consists of two possible stances: one, supporting the continuation of censorship, and two, eliminating the status quo of censorships in the music industry. There have been countless debates and arguments regarding the issues of censorship ever since the U.S. Congress passed the Radio Act in 1927 (The History). The time has arrived for censorship to be brought to an end. The governmentRead MoreCensorship And Censorship Of The Internet985 Words   |  4 Pagestruth.. This influenced freedom of the press rights and embracing those rights to the constitution (Linder). Recently the issue of Censorship of the Internet in America has become a trending topic. The internet has been commonly censored to comply with the Digital M illennium Rights Act, but in recent times our government has been requesting more aggressive censorship in order to provide a safer cyberspace. If the American government began to censor the internet, the restriction will result in suppressionRead MoreThe Censorship Of Internet Censorship3057 Words   |  13 Pages Internet Censorship Student’s Name: Institution Name: Internet Censorship Internet censorship refers to the suppression and control of what people can access, publish, or view on the cyberspace (Reynolds, 2014). It may be done by regimes or private firms at the command of the government. It can be a government’s initiative is or carried out by regulators. Organizations and individuals may practice self-censorship for religious, business or moral reasons to comply with societal normsRead MoreCensorship And Censorship Of The Internet1754 Words   |  8 PagesCensorship of the Internet is on the rise in highly populated states today. Although the Internet is considered as one of the most significant tools for the public sphere, many users have decried the Internet’s benefits and seen the Internet as a ‘double-edged sword’. Even as the Internet connects most of the world and gives valuable access to information, the same tool allows access to material that may be considered dangerous or harmful. The recent increase in discussion on the act of censorshipRead MoreThe Importance Of Censorship1640 Words   |  7 PagesHow is Censorship Beneficial? How is censorship used? Is it good or was it bad? Censorship is a good thing because people do not want kids looking at bad pictures. Censorship stops them from seeing that because it makes it to where there are books being banned and movies being rated. Also, censorship allows the government to control and limit exposure to several different types of things. Censorship is well known and was even used in the past. Censorship should be allowed in schools to prevent kidsRead MoreCensorship Essay1325 Words   |  6 PagesCensorship â€Å"Congress shall make no law†¦prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech or of the press, or the right to petition the government for a redress of government.†(Ravitch, 118) As stated in the First Amendment of the United States Constitution, the people of this nation have the right to exercise their beliefs out loud, or in writing. With this in mind, does the government have the right to undermine the foundation of our nation, and censor what we readRead More The Censorship Debate795 Words   |  4 Pages The Censorship Debate nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Do words such as nigger, bitch, or ass offend you?nbsp; The answer may seem clear cut, but our nation has been struggling with the issue of censorship almost since its conception.nbsp; To many, the aforementioned words are a part of their everyday vocabulary; to others, they are vulgar and unacceptable.nbsp; The issue of censorship is much more than just words.nbsp; There have been huge controversies over the negative ideas andRead More Censorship Essay1002 Words   |  5 PagesCensorship The Columbia Encyclopedia defines censorship as the official prohibition or restriction of any type of expression believed to threaten the political, social, or moral order. It is necessarily broad definition. Any type of expression in fact, covers just about everything from clothing to print to movements and even to simply being. George Bernard Shaw described assassination as an extreme form of censorship. It is now omnipresent in society and has been as long as society has existedRead MoreCensorship in the Media1115 Words   |  5 PagesIs Censorship necessary? â€Å"Once a government is committed to the principle of silencing the voice of opposition, it has only one way to go, and that is down the path of increasingly repressive measures, until it becomes a source of terror to all its citizens and creates a country where everyone lives in fear. -- Harry S Truman Thesis: Although some people believe that censorship is adequate to select what things does the society will be good and can live around it while others believe that there

Comparison Grammar In Austrian And Spanish â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Comparison Grammar In Austrian And Spanish? Answer: Introduction. We are living in a world full of languages which assist in communicating in order to get information from other different countries and interact with them. This leads to people learning other foreign languages (Al-Humaidi). But a question arises on how to learn a different language and how to communicate with it. A research on teaching a second language and the methods used is associated with linguistics development, sociology and psychology. The methods of teaching refer to the applications of theoretical findings and position. Today, new methods of teaching are emerging at a very high rate. The methodology of language teaching has led to conflicts in the field of language teaching. The rivalry has been brought about by, on one side, the protectors of communicative teaching and on the other hand, the supporters of the Audiolingual method. The question is: which method of teaching are we supposed to use? Through urgent analysis of the teaching methods, we can deduct that every approach has both advantages and disadvantages. It is by knowing this we can have great inspiration to language teaching. Audiolingual Methodology. According to (Gabriel Tejada Molina), the audiolingual methodology is based from structural linguistics and behavioral psychology. Structural linguistics language refers to elements related structurally for encoding implying that the elements are morphemes, phonemes and syntactic (clauses, types of sentences and phrases). Levels of linguistically structure in a language are defined by structural linguists in a scientific and systematic manner (Kamhuber). Initially, people assumed that studying a language was as easy as clamming the elements and rules that govern combination of the above elements. One importance of structural linguistics is that the basic medium of communicating a language is oral. Communicative Language Teaching. The communicative language teaching (CLT) started in Britain during the 1960s to replace the initial structural methods known as Situational Language Teaching (Richards). This was partly according to Chomskys critics to the structural theory of language and partly due to theories of American sociolinguists and British Functional Linguists. During that time, communication was highly required in the continents like Europe. The approach of communicative language teaching begins from theory of language as communication. The main objective of teaching is to develop what Hymes of 1972 referred as Communicative Competence. In order for any speaker to be communicatively good in speeches, he/she needs to understand Hymes theory of Communication (Barbara Johnstone). In Barbaras book of Teaching Language as Communicative, he explained the relationship between linguistic methods and their communicative importance in texts. Definition of Audio Lingual Method and Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) The Audio Lingual Method also known as the Army Method is a method of teaching used in teaching a foreign language. This method is based on behavioral theory which claims that some characters of living things especially human beings can trained using a reinforcement system and that correct usage of trait can receive good feedback while bad usage of trait can receive bad feedback. Audio Lingual method is a procedure of teaching foreign language which stresses on listening and speaking before writing and reading. CLT uses conversations as the major form of presenting a language and drilling as the main technique of training. Communicative language Communicative Language Teaching refers to a method of teaching both second and foreign language and stresses interaction as the main way of learning a language. CLT is also known as the communicative method of teaching foreign languages. The Main Features of the Audiolingual Method and Communicative Language Teaching. The Audiolingual Method Audiolingual method has shown to form its own different characteristics according to behaviorist psychology and structural linguistic (Barbara Johnstone). The characteristics include: Separating language skills to listening, writing and reading while emphasizing on teaching listening and speaking before reading or writing. Using dialogue as the major form of language presentation. Emphasizing on practicing techniques like memorizing, pattern drilling and mimicry. Not to encourage use of vernacular or mother tongue in class. Encouraging usage of language laboratory. Audiolingual method believes that listening and speaking are the primary forms of verbal communication and therefore conclude that both reading and writing should come second after listening and speaking. Audiolingual method uses dialogue to show that language dialogue can provide language forms with a natural context (Kamhuber). The structure of the audiolingual implies that the language is a complicated system of habits and drills can of help in forming those habits. Learning foreign language result from practicing and practice can lead to language automation. Learning a language is not a challenge, practice is what becomes a challenge. Advantages In comparison with other method such as Grammar Translation Method, where writing and reading are reinforced to the extent of neglecting listening and speaking skills, Audiolingual method develops the learners oral skills (Su). Also, through Audiolingual method learners are able to competently participate in situational contexts. Disadvantages As much as the drills that are distinguishing features for Audiolingual are considered as its strength, they are also one of its major weaknesses. The Audiolingual methods drills does not allow the learners to be creative (Su). At such, they cause the students to feel bored or lose interest in the classroom. When students are not motivated, their progress on learning language is affected negatively. The Communicative Language Teaching(CLT). Characteristics The CLT method of learning was the same as an earlier method of learning known as the direct method. Just like Direct Method, CLT method insisted on students being taught the language one on one and not to use the native language of the students to explain words or grammar (Kamhuber). However, audiolingual method were not focusing on teaching vocabulary. Instead, the teacher advised the students to use grammar through drills. Teaching techniques like drilling, memorizing and pattern practicing may lead to language-like behavior, however, the techniques are not produced suitably (Richards). Instructors complain due to lack of effective techniques in the process while students complain due to boredom resulted by pattern drills which are not ending. One of the open advantages in Communicative Language Teaching is that of increasing fluency in the languages target (Richards). CLT allows students to take part in activities, sometimes related by simulating scenarios which students can relate with in day to day life. It becomes hard for the teacher to check the use of language of each student alone especially if the class has many students (Al-Humaidi). Students can give wrong answers but they are supposed to be corrected when not in the middle of conversation in order for the student not to repeat the same mistake. It is therefore not helpful if a single teacher is handling a large class alone. Conclusion. Using audio-lingual method, teachers would give correct models of sentences and students to repeat them. The instructors would then move on with the procedure by giving new words to be used in sentences by students. The objective of this would be to train the students on how to practice on different tutorials until they are able to use the correctly. Both Audio-lingual and Communicative Language Teaching are different theories of teaching and each has its own characteristics. The audio-lingual grammar and pronunciation help learners to acquire the oral skills and listening skills very fast. CLT emphasizes on learning a language through using language in communication rather than learning through practicing of language skills. Therefore, students can get strategic competency through communication. The main purpose of language as a tool is t build and maintain good relations with people. Students should know the vocabulary and grammar of the language and also know the rules governing t heir usage in a communication context. References Al-Humaidi, Majid. "Communicative Language Teaching ." 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